How to Write a 5 Paragraph Essay

1 I. How to Recognize Plagiarism1 Overview In order to avoid plagiarism, you must give credit when You use another person's ideas, opinions, or theories. You use facts, statistics, graphics, drawings, music, etc. , or any other type of information that does not comprise common knowledge. You use quotations from another person's spoken or written word. You paraphrase another person's spoken or written word. 1 Begin the writing process by stating your ideas; then go back to the author's origina l work. Use quotation marks and credit the source (author) when you copy exact wording.Use your own words (paraphrase) instead of copying directly when possible. Even when you paraphrase another author's writings, you must give credit to that author. If the form of citation and reference are not correct, the attribution to the original author is likely to be incomplete. Therefore, improper use of style can result in plagiarism. Get a style manual and use it. 2 II. Formula for an Essay Basically, the writing expected of students in college is of one type that can be used for all disciplines. This handout generally focuses on the basic, â€Å"formulaic† nature of the college level essay and its components.THIS IS THE PROCESS & ITS PRODUCTS: 1. BRAINSTORM: Write down whatever comes to mind about the topic. 2. A. A. : AUDIENCE ATTRACTOR: This is the first sentence of the opening paragraph which catches the reader's attention, an attentiongetting sentence. 3. BACKGROUND SENTENCES: These are the sentences that provide background information about the subject and act to narrow the focus, thereby introducing the thesis. 4. THESIS: This is the sentence that expresses the main idea of the paper. **A thesis may change as the essay matures. ** 5. PROOF SENTENCES (2-3 sentences): Proof sentences support and prove the validity of the thesis. It helps to use a proof sentence as the opening sentence in each body paragraph. In each paragraph, a minimum of four sentences should be wr itten supporting the topic sentence. ) EXAMPLE: SAMPLE TOPIC: The value of a college education. BRAINSTORMING: better job enrichment more pay wider outlook AUDIENCE ATTRACTOR: higher self-esteem People all over the world yearn for an education. 3 BACKGROUND: 1. In the past, many individuals did not have access to an education. 2. History reveals many were forced to perform low-income, manual labor while others reaped the benefits of life. THESIS:Today, a person needs a college education in order to be financially successful in a technologically advanced world. PROOF/SUPPORT SENTENCES: The writer may compose 2-3 proof sentences depending on whether the essay is to be 4 or 5 paragraphs. The model used here includes 2 proof sentences for a 4 paragraph essay. 1. Education is a prerequisite for certain high-paying jobs. 2. In addition, advanced technology, like computers, makes college level training essential. NOTE: Thesis and proof/support sentences can be combined into a single thesis statement which advances the main idea and sketches the arrangement of the roof/support of that thesis. EXAMPLE: Today, a person needs a college education even to start certain high-paying jobs and to be able to use advanced technology in the workplace. OPENING PARAGRAPH: A. A. : People all over the world yearn for an education. BACKGROUND: In the past, many individuals did not have access to an education. History reveals many were forced to perform low-income, manual labor while others reaped the benefits of life. THESIS: Today, a person needs a college education in order to be financially successful in a technologically advanced world.PROOF (SUPPORT) SENTENCES: Education is a prerequisite for certain high-paying jobs. In addition, advanced technology, like computers, makes college level training essential. **PROOF SENTENCES CAN BE PLACED BEFORE OR AFTER THE THESIS. ** 4 FIRST BODY PARAGRAPH: FIRST PROOF SENTENCE REWRITTEN: The pay scale for certain jobs is based on how much educa tion the employee has. (Now, add four or more sentences to support this idea. ) SECOND BODY PARAGRAPH: SECOND PROOF SENTENCE REWRITTEN: Because of computers, sophisticated communications systems, and other technological advances, a general education may not be enough for some of today's jobs. Again, add four or more sentences to support this idea. ) CONCLUSION: The conclusion can be the thesis rewritten and the proof sentences rewritten. Stating one's opinion adds a personal touch. In the conclusion one should never introduce new material. A conclusion usually summarizes or re-emphasizes what has already been discussed in the paper. 5 III. Writing the Five Paragraph Essay INTRODUCTION Motivator, an attention grabbing sentence: Children have many things to learn and to adjust to as they grow up including the awareness of the parts of their bodies. Thesis (Main Idea):Children often do humorous things. Blueprint: They are often humorous in learning to speak, in discovering that all obj ects do not have human characteristics, and in attempting to imitate others. Often, the thesis and blueprint can be combined into a single thesis sentence which advances a main idea and sketches the arrangement of the details which support that main idea (thesis). BODY (SUPPORT & DEVELOPMENT) FIRST CENTRAL PARAGRAPH Topic Sentence: Specific Support: Children are often humorous in learning to speak. My daughter Betsy, mistook â€Å"old tomato† for â€Å"ultimatum. † SECOND CENTRAL PARAGRAPHTopic Sentence: Specific Support: Specific Support: Specific Support: Children â€Å"humanize† the objects around them. A psychologist says children blame balls and chairs as though the things were conscious. When I was a child, I thought the sun was out to get me. Betsy ordered her shoes to climb the stairs. THIRD CENTRAL PARAGRAPH Topic Sentence: Specific Support: Specific Support: Children attempt to imitate what they see. They dress like their parents. My daughter imitated a tantrum a visiting child threw. CONCLUSION Reworded Thesis: Clincher Children are funny creatures to watch. A reminder of the motivator which states that children have a lot of learning and adjusting to do. ) 6 IV. Writing the One Paragraph Essay A PARAGRAPH is a group of sentences that are combined to make a point. Sentences must be tied together in a relationship that gives meaning to the whole. Every ONE-PARAGRAPH ESSAY must contain three main parts: –main idea (topic sentence) –support for the main idea –closing that feels like an ending MAIN IDEA can be proved is worth discussing A MAIN IDEA must have a topic and offer an opinion about the topic. It must be provable, maybe in more than one way.It must be something worth discussing. TOPIC My first grade teacher OPINION influenced my career choice. A sentence that states only a subject, or topic, cannot be a main idea. WITHOUT AN OPINIONATED STATEMENT, there is nothing to PROVE OR ARGUE, nothing worth discu ssing. NOT A MAIN IDEA My first grade teacher was old. A MAIN IDEA without a TOPIC and an OPINION makes a poor foundation for an ESSAY. 7 A NOTE ON PERSONAL AND IMPERSONAL WRITING Some main ideas and some essays are about people and events in our own lives. They are derived from the writer's personal experiences.The writer is prominently featured in this kind of writing. PERSONAL MAIN IDEA-â€Å"My first grade teacher influenced my career choice. † Other MAIN IDEAS do not deal directly with the writer. They are about people, things, and ideas that the writer is thinking about, but they have not necessarily been experienced by the writer personally. IMPERSONAL MAIN IDEA -â€Å"Cold weather was the cause of the Challenger disaster. † SUPPORTING THE MAIN IDEA The main idea states what the writer believes to be true. Once the writer has stated a main idea, he or she must prove that the main idea is plausible. This is done with SUPPORTING IDEAS.Without supporting ideas, the re is no paragraph; there is only a statement of the writer's view or merely his or her opinion. SUPPORTING EVIDENCE can be of many types, including any or all of the following: physical descriptions stories (narrative) examples comparisons discussion or analysis of cause and effect discussion or analysis of a process definitions division of a group into smaller ones statistical evidence quotations from authorities logical and reasonable arguments THE CLOSING OR CONCLUSION Every one-paragraph essay has an effective closing, something that makes the reader feel that the writer is finished.It might be one of the following: –a summary or restatement of the main idea –a conclusion that can be drawn from the proof stated –the repetition of a key phrase from the beginning of the work –a particularly effective supporting detail that feels like an ending 8 V. Writing a Good Three Point Thesis A thesis is: 1. The basic stand you take. 2. Your opinion on a subject. 3. The point you make. 4. The controlling idea. 5. The directing statement of your paper. PERSUADE THE READER THAT YOUR THESIS IS VALID. GENERAL SUBJECT: Education LIMITED SUBJECT: Professor XTHESIS STATEMENT: Professor X is an incompetent teacher. (Your purpose is to back up the statement, to persuade the reader). A THESIS IS NOT A TITLE. OR AN ANNOUNCEMENT. TITLE: The Fad of Divorce THESIS STATEMENT: Too many people get divorced for trivial reasons. ANNOUNCEMENT: My subject is the incompetence of Professor X. THESIS STATEMENT: Professor X is an incompetent teacher. A THESIS IS NOT A STATEMENT OF ABSOLUTE FACT. A good thesis is restricted. A thesis limits or restricts your subject. A thesis keeps the paper from wandering over too great a territory.The more restricted the thesis, the better the chances are for supporting it fully. A GOOD THESIS IS UNIFIED. It expresses ONE MAJOR IDEA about its subject. A good thesis may sometimes include a secondary idea if it is strictly subordina ted to the major one, but without that subordination the writer will have too many ideas to handle. A GOOD THESIS IS SPECIFIC. A GOOD THREE POINT THESIS STATEMENT: Professor X is an incompetent teacher because he grades unfairly, gives tests on materials not covered in his courses, and enjoys threatening students with failing grades. 9 VI. Writing a Good Conclusion ? ? ? ? The conclusion brings the essay to completion and gives the reader a sense of closure. The conclusion is memorable – the writer saves something interesting for the end. The conclusion reminds readers of the thesis or restates it in different words. The conclusion provides a brief but well-worded analysis of the point of the paper. The conclusion ends with a distinctive sentence: it may be a short sentence; it may be an especially well-worded or thoughtful sentence; it may be an image that stays with the readers. Concluding Strategies: End by reflecting on the importance or implications of your thesis.End wi th a call to action. James Baldwin calls for an end to the injustices of racism in his conclusion to Notes of a Native Son: â€Å"One must never, in one's own life, accept these injustices as commonplace but must fight them with all one's strength. † (102) End with a hook. Refer back to an idea, image, or question with which you began your essay. This gives your readers a satisfying sense of closure like a circle coming round. If, for example, you start an essay with a brief story about your mother’s kindness, you can refer back to her kindness in your conclusion.Brian Courtney uses a hook from his title â€Å"Freedom from Choice† when he uses the word â€Å"choose† twice in his conclusion. End with a vivid image or picture that reinforces your thesis and helps readers feel what you mean. End with a quotation that reinforces your thesis in a memorable way. End with a question that leaves readers pondering the significance of your essay. In her essay †Å"Television and Free Time,† Marie Winn argues that television programs what a child experiences. Her last sentence is, â€Å"When, then, is he going to live his real life? † (Winn 155) End by offering a solution to a problem your essay concerns.End by striking a note of reasonable hope that a problem or an issue will get better. End with a prediction that logically follows from your thesis and evidence. 10 Conclusions to Avoid: ? ? Avoid the one-sentence or very short conclusion. Like the one-sentence introduction, the one-sentence conclusion suggests there may be something wrong with the structure of your paper. The conclusion has a real purpose. It is the place where you should evaluate your evidence. In your conclusion you should tell your reader what the evidence means-what insights you draw from your paper.Avoid merely summarizing your paper or restating your thesis. The summary ending is a cliche that is so overused it seems amateurish. Avoid using an overused ph rase, such as â€Å"In conclusion† or â€Å"To sum up. † Try to be original. Avoid drawing attention to yourself instead of drawing attention to your point: â€Å"Now that I have reached the end of this time-consuming paper†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Avoid raising any new or irrelevant subjects in the conclusion. By using effective titles, introductions, and conclusions, you will engage your audience more fully-you will help them pay attention to your thesis and supporting evidence.

How does Dickens present the poor and poverty in A Christmas Carol?

In the novel A Christmas Carol Dickens shows that there is much poor and poverty going on in the world. In the novel a families are exposed of going through poverty and being poor, Bob Cratchit and his wife and Tiny Tim and his other children, Bob Cratchit is a man who works for Mr Scrooge. He has a small family who depend on the income he gets from Mr Scrooge. This is already showing the readers that if Mr Scrooge did not pay him his earnings then Bob would be in trouble with his family. How will he manage to feed them?. Even though this family is poor, they seem to be in high spirits at all times. Bob's family are all depending on Mr Scrooge to pay him if not then they will not continue to exist. Showing the readers this family is very unfortunate to not have as much money as Mr Scrooge has. This shows that the Cratchits may not be as happier as they are now if they had no money at all, Yet going through poverty does not stop tiny Tim from praying to god â€Å"to help them all†. Fred, Scrooges nephew seems to be happy enough with the money he has and comes to share his happiness with Mr Scrooge but he neglects Fred's offer to have dinner at his home. Fred who had married a lady who was not as rich as Mr Scrooge was happy despite the lack of money he is determined to celebrate Christmas. He is always glad and joyful regardless of how much money he has. Men and women â€Å"should open their shut up hearts freely†, Even if you opened your heart freely what if money was stopping you? You have all the money you could ever wish for, yet your still not as happy as other are? Fred does not worry about what you think money can bring. Open your heart freely. Mr Scrooge shows not feeling but seems to be in a bad temper at all times even though he has more money than he needs. Fred shows he is better off without all the money that Mr Scrooge has, he has his wife, his family his friends even though he is going through poverty and Dickens is showing this by making Fred go round to his uncles work and invite him to his Christmas dinner and is ignored by Mr Scrooge by calling Christmas a â€Å"Humbug†, He is showing that even though you may be poor and are going through poverty there should be nobody to stop you from being in a excellent mood. Fezziwig, another business man just like Mr Scrooge has many more people and families who depend on him and rely on him to keep them alive with his money. Fezziwig is seen giving all his workers a day off and smiling and laughing away with them, Scrooge seems to think why Fezziwig will do such a thing (Spend so much money for his workers). Although Fezziwig is rich and has his family and friends with him he spends some of his money on his workers this expands the happiness he already has, and also makes his workers cheerful in the season of Christmas. Mr Scrooge seems to think that what Fezziwig is doing is also a â€Å"humbug† he cannot come to terms with the fact that sharing is caring. Fezziwig is better off giving money to the poor and being happy unlike Scrooge who has so much money but does not share at all he dislikes wasting money he dislikes spending his money altogether. Dickens is trying to show the readers that even having to be poor and going through tough times with getting to have a shelter and leaving in a place your family can sleep well, being happy about Christmas and the more merrier you are the more merrier your Christmas will be. The readers can tell that Scrooge is very different from Fezziwig the two differences that they have is that Scrooge hates spending his money, even though he is rich he is miserable rotting away in his work place and in his house on his own. Whereas Fezziwig is as rich as Scrooge, he spends a modest amount of money to make the life of his workers a little more enjoyable. What Dickens is trying to show the reader is that Scrooge is the type of person who is greedy at first and will want to keep his money to himself and all his thoughts and feelings kept inside himself. His character has formed for his past. Scrooge was a lonely boy and then as a young man he was employed by a kind and giving man. All the same, Ebenezer had magnificent ambitions. He also wanted to earn as much as he could ever get and this is what had distorted Scrooges personality as well as himself. His fear of having to lose all his money and Business, has changed his social life, and his personal life, it's affected him mentally and physically. He has neglected his friends and his family, he also seems to disregard himself and forget how he is, forgetting his health and well being for his money. This fear of poverty has taken over his life and changed him. Dickens is trying to show us that poverty is something very powerful, having no home or money could change the way you think of money completely you may steal to get money or even beg, but before when you did have the money you had taken it for granted. So once you have lost all of the money you once had you may want it back again and will do anything to gain it back. Dickens as a child had also gone through poverty as he used to work in a workhouse in his early ages, poverty was a great inspiration for Dickens to create A Christmas Carol as it shows so much that people may not understand, Charles Dickens is trying to show us how a Christmas should be spent without al the grief but full of joy and happiness. Dickens experience of poverty had also changed his way of thinking and has made him realise that poverty possibly will affect some ones family and their own self in a bad way. Just before his father's arrest, the 12-year-old Dickens had begun working ten-hour days at Warren's Blacking Warehouse. He earned six shillings a week pasting labels on jars of thick shoe polish. This money paid for his lodgings with Mrs. Roylance and helped support his family, So Dickens knows how Bob Cratchit will feel about his family being dependent on him for the money he earns for Scrooge. At this time there was a lot of poverty in London and it was not unusual for such a story as A Christmas Carol to occur. Transformation The transformation that took place had changed the way that scrooge used to think about Christmas, He was at first a very lonely and miserable old man, who used to keep everything to him self, his feelings were never expressed and by no means ever smiled. Scrooge is very touched by the visions that the ghost of Christmas past shows him; his transformation begins. He remembers the feelings he had for the love of his life, but he had left her for his business and his wealth. The scenes he had seen were appalling and he had realised that he could steer clear of ending his life in misery. He had seen the consequences of his actions, and stirred away from them. In the novel A Christmas Carol Dickens links Scrooge to `bad weather` on page 12 Dickens metaphorically describes Scrooge, â€Å"No Warmth could warm, no wintry weather chill him. No wind that blew was bitterer than he.† â€Å"The heaviest rain, and snow, and hail, and sleet could boast of the advantage over him in only one respect. They often `came down` handsomely, and scrooge never did.† Dickens had described Scrooge as being so â€Å"cold† that the heaviest rain and coldest weather were better off than him. He is compared to his nephew Fred who with such a uncle, who comes from such bad weather; â€Å"he was all in a glow; his face was ruddy and handsome; his eyes sparkled, and his breath smoked again.† This is showing us that Fred is a much happier person than scrooge. And even though he is from the same background as Scrooge, he is a completely different person to scrooge. Dickens is trying to show us that Scrooge and Fred have a complete contrast between them. Fred is â€Å"Warm† and Scrooge is â€Å"Cold†, As soon as Fred has entered the room the atmosphere had changed; from cold to warm, showing us how cold Scrooge really is. Furthermore Dickens shows Scrooge how the industrial revolution had changed London and the affect it had on the poor people. On Page 77 the phantom later takes Scrooge to an â€Å"obscure part of town, where Scrooge had never penetrated before, Although he recognised its situation and its bad repute.† Being so rich Scrooge had never stepped into the bad parts of town, which because of them that part of town was in that bad state The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human society; and these poor people who had no jobs and no money had to stay at the dark parts of town which was in a bad condition. The industrial revolution had introduced many new things which had rapidly changed the whole world.

a night to remember Essays - English-language Films, Films, Mikey

And listened to a band play a pretty good impression of la-bam-ba and a lot of other good early hits. I hadn?t had supper or dinner yet so my friends and I head to the whispering winds and I?m in the mood for some breakfast and I get to the side of the casino where the whispering winds are at and I see that there is a line the size of one at a carnival. We all decide to head to super pumper for some kind of munchies instead of waiting in line for 2 hours. We get there walk in I go to the bathroom, when I get out I grab some a bag of dill pickle chips and a bottle of sprite, Mikey gets a bag of flaming out cheetos and a power-aid, Brandon gets a beacon cheese burger a bag of chips and a cherry coke. Go back out to the parking lot and go chill in Mikey?s hot rod red colored Cammaro and ate our food and suddenly mike gets a phone call, I can hear bits and pieces of the conversation. What I hear is ?common Mikey come pick us up? I had only one guess who it was. We are on E for gas so I d ecide to put 15$ and that gets us to about half a tank. So we head out to Waubun and go pick up Tori and raven the ones I had in mind. We tell them to hurry up before their parents see us pick them up so it?s Mikey driving me in the passenger Tori behind Mikey and raven behind me. It?s now the five of us in his small spaced Camarro so Mikey get back on the phone and tries to find out where the party is at. He gets hold of Kyle and he says it?s at his house Allison?s birthday party. Now we are driving to Kyle?s house and Tori gets a call it her friend Amy and she wants us to go pick her up as well, but the thing is we are only on 3/8s tank of gas and no one has no money so Tori talk to Amy again and asks ?if she has any money she says ?yes 10$? Mikey says ?yah ok we can go get her? well we drop Brandon off because we need the space and I drive to Naytahwaush because Mikey has his driver licenses suspended from all the driving violations he has got so he makes me drive so I?m fine wit h that because he wanted to drink and I was going to be the DD so I figured id drive the rest of the night. We get to Naytahwaush and pick up Amy. its so dark u cant see nothing out side of the lights so we could hardly find her. We head back to the party we get there and everyone is hammered drunk already so the people with me all decide to try and catch up. I?m sitting there at the fire laughing at everyone how they are falling over, stumbling, being the drunk people that they are, and I see Amy so drunk she cant walk so being the nice guy I am I go and pick her up and try and make her sober up but she is being snaky and wont listen so she?s trying to push me away while she?s falling down and I?m trying to catch her all in the same process and then Kyle?s sisters boyfriend comes up to us and he asks ?what the problem? I tell him the situation he agrees with me and decides to try and help me then his girl friend see this all go down, she decides to try and help up and thinks that A my is trying to fight and she wants her out of there. Some how Amy gets away from me and walks away and Kyle?s sister heather walks right behind her and asks ?what?s your problem? and Amy does this spinning back hand looked like a UFC fighter throwing one, hits heather along her stomach and chest area. Heather gets mad grabs her by the throat and puts

Summarise and Analysis the article option ethnicities Essay

Summarise and Analysis the article option ethnicities - Essay Example Nevertheless, the tendency of the white remaining as â€Å"hyphenated Americans† is very strong and it is present in a number of political as well as social institutions. She describes â€Å"Symbolic ethnicity† of the white ethnic group from later generations as an American phenomenon that is quintessential (Waters 141). Waters further argues that people have retained ethnicity in their lives just because it permits them to bring together the contradicting values of individuality, community and choice in America. In addition to Waters exploring the symbolic ethnicity of the white middle-class from later generations, she addresses what they cost the society. She compares white middle-class with non-white Americans, who do not have many options. These identities are individualistic. However, there is a huge difference between racial identities that are self-imposed or socially enforced and the individualistic symbolic ones (Waters 143). Waters concludes the article by giving the readers invaluable information about the contemporary American life. Young people in colleges and campuses live together, regardless of their background and still respec t and appreciate each other. This is something that most people cannot do. The present discrimination based on race must stop (Waters 144). The assignment is about summarizing the article â€Å"Optional Ethnicities† by Mary Waters. The purpose of the article is to bring out ethnicity as what it really is and how it plays a very big role when it comes to categorizing and treating people, especially focusing on the privileges of a white person. The article does not target a specific audience as Waters wrote the book so that every American who cares to read it gets enlightened about ethnicity. Ethnicity not being a biological phenomenon, but a social one, is the thesis of this

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Leadership - Research Paper Example Personal principles and skills acquired in development by a leader will determine the ability to show others the way. In most public sector administrations, the leaders take control of what the junior workers do in their jobs or even what the customers want. Some of them are full of corruption in making vial decisions (To Kill a Mocking Bird 01:41:03). Most of the leaders in this sector also consider their directive to be the best and employee should not in any way do the job in another way. Such practices have made junior employees to lose touch with the management hindering collaborative work design. There is always a barrier between management and junior employees in the workplaces. In addition, most of those finding themselves in the public areas are not motivated in doing their work. Most do the work because of the salary and economic security. This kind of practice cannot allow most of the employees in the public sector to become productive. It also affects the relationship between employees of different units and ranks. As Howard places it, a relationship in the work place is better than the profit. The public servants should also consider serving their customers betternot only by valuing the returns they get. In solution for these cultures in the public administration system, several leadership changes have to take place in the work place. Most of the changes might involve deviation from the current practices like the way Howard Behar changed the management of Starbucks. To change these practices top leaders in the public administration system should take initiative in leading as an example. Developing these leadership skills might seem easy but practicing them proves to be hard for most of the leaders. Working at the middle level management in a public service comes with many challenges. In reality,one person may give orders to some

Economic Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic Questions - Assignment Example For instance, if an individual requires to judge whether a holiday is a better option or buying a DIY set is a better option (based on their economic condition), then the benefits of both need to be weighed and based on this the individual can make a more informed decision. Consumers need to ensure that their money is invested into an area which had a higher return and proves to be more beneficial based on their economic condition and for that period of time. Hence opportunity costs allow consumers to make more informed decisions (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2008). While understanding the concept of Production Possibility curve, it is essential to learn in detail the possible outcomes and combinations that need to be produced within the economic resources that are available in the period. This can be clearly noted as the PPC tends to provide the maximum outcomes which helps give a clearer idea of the law of diminishing

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management - Essay Example That is the goal of crisis management, which can be defined as a set of activities aimed at minimizing the potential, or responding to an existing crisis effectively. As such, an effective crisis management plan may provide a company with an opportunity to effectively take urgent actions for minimizing the harm caused by a crisis and, in such a way, save the future of the organization. Furthermore, relevant crisis and issue management activities may even help the company to avoid a crisis and, as a result, save valuable resources to be invested into further growth and development. In is especially true considering the fact that news in the contemporary world spread within hours. Therefore, urgent actions for rescuing the company should be taken immediately after an issue arises. At the same time, good and well-structured relationships with the media may help an organization to decrease the level of crisis’ impact on the company’s future. Therefore, the given paper will try to draw up a basic crisis management plan for Shuanghui Business Group, a food business group that majors in processing pork. The company has already had some experience managing crisis. However, the presented plant will help it to forecast and assess potential future crisis, recommend specific crisis management processes and team structures, as well as provide a list of materials to be to be produced as part of the crisis toolkit. In addition, business continuity considerations will be addressed and a proposal for testing and refining the crisis plan will be presented. All this information will help the company to prepare for a potential crisis and, furthermore, get an opportunity to avoid it and save money. Forecasting and assessing a potential crisis the organization could face. On the 15th of March, 2011, Shuanghui Business Group was suspected of using clenbuterol pigs. As a result, the stock of the company dropped to the trading limit causing a loss of CNY 5.2 billion in th e capital market. Furthermore, the company had to withdraw its products form all the major supermarkets, while some marketplaces even stopped selling the products of the Business Group or refused to continue working with the company. The organization took back all of its products circulating in market and closed manufacturing down to be rectified (Zhang, 2011). Nevertheless, what Shuanghui Business Group experienced is the crisis of consumers’ trust or, if defined more precisely, a product-harm crisis (Dawar & Pillutla, 2000, p. 215), since it involved recalling products from all of the distribution networks due to safety concerns (Chen, Ganesan, & Liu, 2009, p. 214). As a result, the brand’s equity and company’s reputation got damaged, customers’ loyalty decreased, and revenues and market shares – lost (Laufer & Coombs, 2006, p. 379). So, in order for the Business Group not to experience such a disastrous situation again, continuous forecasting an d assessing a potential crisis the organization can face should be conducted. The very first condition for forecasting a crisis is noting both internal and external inputs. People’s perceptions of information differ – what one may consider to be a potential threat will be missed by another. Therefore, it is important to make sure that the organization does not miss any internal or external issues that might indicate a potential crisis (Harvard Business School, 2004, p. 12). For this reason clear and open communication channels should be determined and

Should foreign policy be about promoting values in the world or simply Essay

Should foreign policy be about promoting values in the world or simply about protecting the national interest - Essay Example ntain elements that attempt to promote useful ethical and moral values that are thought to be important for the progress of humanity (Donnelly, 2004, Pp. 1 – 16)? After having lost millions of lives and having endured two World Wars, a broad consensus has now finally emerged in regard to what may be considered to be ethical behavior by a state and international institutions do exist to protect and promote international law(Dongyan, 2006, Sections I to IV) and (Harries, 2005, Pp. 1 – 10). These institutions also encourage mediation and dialogue between nations. Nation states have always tried to influence other nations through intimidation, coercion or rewards, but in an era of globalization which has had a profound influence on the manner in which the world works, communicates, trades and acts in concert on important issues, perhaps promotion of ethical and moral values are as important as safeguarding the national interest (Reisman, 1999, Pp. 1 – 15). However, t his is also an era of global economic competitions, with many nations only paying a lip service to values associated with human rights, democracy and morality in interstate relations, preferring to constantly receive, but never give. Thus, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on the protection of national interests rather then on the promotion of values. This brief essay presents a discussion of this issue. Interest has been a guide for the diplomatic conduct of states since the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when the concept of modern sovereign states was being formulated (Shembilku, 2004, Pp. â€Å"The Concept of National Interest†). Interest was then considered in terms of those aspirations which were prompted by rational calculations and pursued with prudence. Thus, it was important for those who were at the helm of power to know when to use power and when to desist from the use of power. Prudence was a term that was used in relation to the carrying out of actions to achieve political

A REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A REPORT - Essay Example he present study discusses about the multinational firm and FMCG giant Nestle which has been among the pioneers in its product category and has a large number of Billion dollar worth brands under its umbrella. The present study would discuss the strategies that have been adopted by the firm to maintain its profitability in the industry. The study would also analyse the cross business strategies that have been employed at the firm. According to Knoll, Synergy is defined as â€Å"the effect that the combined return of the whole is greater than the sum of the returns from the individual parts†. In corporate world cross business synergy is achieved when the net returns of the combined entity formed by aggregating the different departments and units exceeds the net returns that is generated by a single entity taken as a standalone unit within the organization (Knoll, p.14, 18). The most important strategy of Nestle with regards to corporate synergy was its strategy of integrating the different departments across the organization. This strategy was named as GLOBE (Global Business Excellence) in which the different departments and the suppliers were brought together on a single common platform. This enabled real time information sharing among the different departments as well as the stakeholders that helped in generating greater efficiencies which has resulted in competitive advantage for the firm. All the 23 Research and development (popularly referred as Product Technology Centres) centres of the world were brought together on a single common platform which helped in generating greater innovations in the product line of the firm. The top management of the firm was of the strong belief that in order to sustain profitability the firm needed to continuously innovate its products line and would have to expand much beyond their borders considering the fact that Switzerland offered little potential of being a good market for the firm in terms of market size. Under their

Role of Religion in Centralization of Nation States Essay Example for Free

Role of Religion in Centralization of Nation States Essay Religion was a major factor in the centralization of territories into modern nation states. Religion was crucial in the development of the modern nation state because of its ability to be a unifying characteristic. Religion also created common enemies which allowed groups with different religious views separate into individual states that be far more likely to have a more centralized government or monarch. While religion acted as a catalyst in the development of the modern nation state, religion hindered and tore apart developing nation states. Religion played both the role of an asset and a liability in the case of centralization during the age of the reformation. Religion was successful in creating a common characteristic, by which people categorized themselves. For example, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile reformed Spain by requiring all citizens to be Catholic. This would allow them to have better control and a shared attribute with the citizens of Spain, which would allow for a more centralized territory that would become a nation state. Also during this time period the Calvinists in the Holy Roman Empire area controlled by Philip II were being persecuted for their religion. The common religion in these Dutch provinces allowed for them to form together and create a centralized territory which eventually would become the Dutch Netherlands. German principalities also used their religion as a common characteristic to hold themselves together. When Martin Luther told the German Princes to separate from the Pope and Holy Roman Empire, they unified under Lutheranism which led to the development of that nation state. While religion was used as a common characteristic, religion was also used to unify groups of people by creating common enemies. For example, William of Orange (William I) centralized the Dutch Provinces, who were primarily Calvinists, against the Holy Roman Empire who was trying to force them to become Catholic. Ferdinand II also tried to use religion to create a common enemy within the Holy Roman Empire, he did this through the Edict of Restitution. The Edict of Restitution made Calvinists the enemy and unified the Catholics against them and temporarily solidified the Holy Roman Empire as a nation state. Another example of religion creating a common enemy was when Henry VIII created Anglicanism which was against the Pope. This  negative disposition towards the Pope strengthened England and allowed the monarch of England to create a more centralized territory, which led to the development of the modern nation state that is England. While religion was good as bringing nation states together and solidifying them, it also slowed and destroyed developing nation states. For example, the religious diversity that occurred within the Holy Roman Empire led to differences in religion and sect breaking apart until there was no more Holy Roman Empire. Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) saw this problem when he became the King of France and witnessed the religious wars in France between the French Huguenots and Ultra-Catholics. This slowed the development of France as a nation state, this is because religion was placed ahead of the state. Another example of religion dividing developing nation states was when Philip II attempted to oppress the Calvinists in the Dutch provinces with the Spanish Inquisition. This difference in religion led to the Dutch Revolt and caused the territory to be separated. Religion was critical in the development and disestablishment of the modern nation state. Religion provided a common characteristic from which a nation state could develop; it also created a characteristic by which a nation state could divide. However, in a majority of the cases the separation was necessary and led to the creation of multiple independent nation states. Religion was both a centripetal and centrifugal force. Religion created created a common characteristic and enemy, which aided the development of the modern nation state, as well as a difference that was a major factor in the disestablishment of developing modern nation states during the age of the reformation.

Advanced breast cancer

Advanced breast cancer Background Cancer accounts for 13% of all deaths in 2007, making it the largest cause of mortality worldwide and is the leading cause of premature death in Scotland. 2,22 Out of the staggering figure of 27,500 new cases that were diagnosed on that same year in Scotland, 4044 of them are breast cancer cases, making breast cancer the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Scottish women.3 In the UK, 16-20% of women have advanced breast cancer and approximately 40-50% of those diagnosed with early or localised breast cancer may eventually develop metastatic disease. Breast cancer is usually defined using a staging system known as the Tumour, Node and Metastasis Staging System (TNM) and stage III and IV are known as advanced stages of the disease with stage III being locally advanced and or has spread to regional lymph nodes and stage IV describing the presence of metastases at distant sites such as the bone, brain, or lung.23 In the elderly group of female cancer patients, the prevalence of breast cancer is highest at 4% and these post-menopausal women make up 80% of all breast cancer patients, hence proving that the risk increases with age.1 Apart from age, other factors like family history, uninterrupted oestrogen exposure, early menarche, late menopause, late first pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, obesity, not breast feeding, taking oral contraceptives and past breast cancer may all attribute to a higher risk of developing breast cancer.9 Over the last decade, mortality rates from breast cancer have dropped by almost 14%, despite having more women diagnosed with the disease. In 2000-2004, the survival rate for breast cancer patients has also bumped up to 84% compared to a mere 64% 20 years earlier.4Improvement in prognosis, screening techniques such as mammography, ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI), earlier diagnosis of cancers in women participating in the Scottish Breast Screening Programme, a myriad of new hormonal and chemotherapy treatments, and better organisation and patient care plans has attributed to the substantial increase in incidence and survival rate of breast cancer patients. Women today are also encouraged to perform self breast examinations, hence are familiar with the shape and feel of their breasts, as well as to look out for abnormities like a new discrete lump, nipple discharge, unilateral persistent pain especially in post-menopausal women or pain associated with a lump and skin changes comprising of skin tethering, ulceration, abscess or inflammation.However, there is still a disparity between women from different social classes in terms of combating this disease. Women from more affluent backgrounds are more likely to have their breast cancer diagnosed earlier, have slower disease progression from the time of diagnoses and higher survival rates compared to women from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds. Women from more deprived communities are more likely to be diagnosed with the advanced stage of the disease. Pathogenesis Cancer or malignant neoplasm which literally means new growth is a disease manifested in the form of uncontrolled cell proliferations, dedifferentiation and loss of function, invasiveness and metastasis.6 Breast cancer usually forms from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. In patients with Breast Cancer, women who inherit a single defective copy of tumour suppressor genes BRCA1 or BRCA 2 have a marked higher risk of developing breast cancer in their lifetime. The presence of a defective BRCA1 or BRCA 2 gene can invoke changes in several cellular systems including the signaling pathways and receptors of growth factors and cell cycle tranducers, the apoptotic machinery which responsible for programmed cell death that normally disposes of abnormal cells, the secretion of telomerase, and local blood vessels which results in tumour-directed angiogenesis to supply nutrients to these tumours both aids the proliferation of cancer cells.7,8 Breast cancer cells are able to invade other tissues like the lymph nodes as they no longer exercise the same restraints as the normal cells and they also secrete enzymes like metalloproteainase to break down the extracellular matrix, conferring them mobility. Metastases are secondary tumours normally found in the advanced stage of breast cancer formed by cells released from the primary tumour and have reached and have established themselves at other sites like the lung brain or the bones which are common sites for metastatic cancers of breast origin through blood vessels and lymphatics. The tissues of lung, brain and bone origin express high levels of CXR4 chemokine receptors produced by the breast cancer cells, facilitating the selective accumulation of the cells at these sites.6 Treatment Options There are three main approaches to treating breast cancer, namely surgical excision, irradiation and a host of systemic disease-modifying therapies or a combination and is chosen based on the stage of breast cancer. However, when caring for patients with advanced breast cancer, the goal of treatment of advanced breast cancer is to palliate symptoms, improve survival and quality of life. There are notably three types of systemic disease-modifying therapies to treat advance breast cancer namely endocrine therapy, chemotherapy and biological therapy. Endocrine Therapy Oestrogen exposure has been instrumental in inducing mutations that can lead to breast cancer as they can stimulate cell growth in most of human breast cancer cell lines expressing Oestrogen Receptor (ER) ÃŽÂ ± .8 Clinical studies have proven that more than half of breast carcinomas are ER ÃŽÂ ± positive and respond fairly well to endocrine therapy. Drugs are aimed either to change the ER signaling pathways or prevent estrogen synthesis.7 Tamoxifen and 3rd generation Aromatase Inhibitors (AI) have been used for advance breast cancer with the former being effective in premenopausal, perimenopausal and post menopausal women. Pre-menopausal and perimenopausal cancer patients with ER positive tumours should be offered Tamoxifen tablets 20 mg daily, an oestrogen -receptor antagonist and ovarian ablation or the administration of LHRH agonists such as Buserelin or Goserelin as first-line treatment.5,12 Both options are just as effective in terms of tumour response and overall surviva l rates. The latter group of drugs, AI, are the preferred choice for post-menopausal women only with no prior history of endocrine therapy or have been previously been treated with Tamoxifen. AI work predominantly by suppressing oestrogen levels in post-menopausal women by blocking the conversion of androgens to oestrogens in the peripheral tissues. However, they do not inhibit ovarian oestrogen synthesis, hence can cause an elevation in oestradiol levels in pre-menopausal women. Anastrozole and Letrozole are non-steroidal AIs are known to be as efficacious as Tamoxifen as first -line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 14Exemestane is a steroidal AI used as second-line treatment in advanced breast cancer in post-menopausal women in whom anti-oestrogen therapy has failed. Fulvestrant, an oestrogen receptor antagonist also confers short term benefits in the clinical setting for post-menopausal women who was previously prescribed a non-steroidal AI, delaying the need for chemotherapy. 13AI h ave been associated with an increased progression-free survival and 13% decrease risk of mortality and lower incidence of vaginal bleeds and blood clots. However, patients given AI are more prone to hot flushes and gastro-intestinal symptoms. 5 Other endocrine therapies available include older and less popular therapies such as progestogen and androgen for pre-menopausal women and stilboesterol and trilostane for post-menopausal women. 5 Chemotherapy Both ER positive and negative patients with advanced breast cancer would benefit from either a choice of two or three regiments of chemotherapy and classes of drugs commonly prescribed includes antharacyclines, taxanes, capecitabine, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide and platinum based drugs like carboplatin.5 Anthracyclines such as Epirubicin, Mitoxantrone and Doxorubicin are prescribed as first line chemotherapy as they boost modest survival advantage in patients with advanced breast cancer and are superior to non-anthracycline regimens.1,5Doxorubicin is commonly given via injection into a fast running infusion at 21 day intervals as extravastation can cause severe tissue damage. It exerts a cytotoxic effect by interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA toposiomerase II action. The metabolites are excreted through the bile, hence elevated bilirubin levels are indicative of a need to reduce the dosage. 6,12 Higher accumulation of doses may result in cardiopathy precipitating to heart failure, hence cardiac monitoring is deemed important in managing cancer patients taking it and a limit of total cumulative doses is set at 450 mg/m2.Other symptoms of toxicity includes myelodysplasia and neutropenic sepsis. Doxorubicin is also available in liposomal formulations which are safer in terms of reduced incidents of cardiotoxicity and local necrosis but is not recommended by the Scottish Medicines Consortium for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.1,12 Both Epirubicin,an anthracycline derivative, and Mitoxantrone ,an anthracenedione derivative,are structurally related to Doxorubicin, hence similar drug activity could be predicted for all three drugs.12 Mitoxantrone given intravenously is licenced to treat metastatic breast cancer and has been well tolerated by patients.However, side effects like myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity are evident and cardiac examinations are recommended after a cumulative dose of 160 mg/m2.12When both drugs are compared in a clinical trial, Epirubicin boosts higher response rates despite demonstrating a higher percentage of toxicity related side effects.20Clinical trials suggest the efficacy of Epirubicin in treating advanced breast cancer is comparable to Doxorubicin as similar response rates were recorded when equal doses were given. These trials also indicated that patients taking Epirubicin had fewer episodes of congestive heart failure and other complications resulting from cardiotoxicity. Therefo re, it could be surmised that Epirubicin is the drug of choice in this regimen .However,a limit of 0.9-1 g/m2 was still imposed when Epirubicin is given to avoid cardiotoxicity. 1,12 Due to the ineffectiveness of single-agent anthracycline therapies in impeding disease progression, combination therapies are often considered for the treatment of advanced breast cancer after failure of with anthracycline monotherapy, provided that the patient is able to tolerate additional toxicity and have a higher chance of response.5 There are clinical evidence suggesting that a combination of anthracycline and taxanes like Doxorubicin and Docetaxel have resulted in better tumour response, delayed progression time compared and reduce risk of mortality to anthracycline monotherapy. The benefits of this synergistic combination, however, did not include improved survival and side effects experienced were more numerous such as thrombocytopenia, alopecia in 75% of these patients,a 10% increase in peripheral neuropathy and neutropenia in 40 to 68% of these patients.1,5 A combination of Epirubicin and Docetaxel would be a better choice as it is just as potent as the Doxycycline and Pac litaxel combination but deemed free of side effects like cardiotoxicity and fluid retention whereas neutropenia was the dose-limiting toxicity .21 Systemic chemotherapy should be offered to patients whom antrhracyclines are contraindicated in cases of cardiac disease hypertension,the elderly, those who have received myocardial irradiation ,those receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer or had receive prior adjuvant treatment with anthracycline. Docetaxel monotherapy is prescribed as the first-line drug followed by single-agent Vinorelbine or Capecitabine as the second-line treatment. Third-line treatment encompasses the use of either Vinorelbine or Capecitabine of which was not offered previously.5 Docetaxel, a member of the taxane group derived from a naturally occurring compound from the bark of yew trees, is licensed to treat locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. It acts by stabilizing microtubules in the polymerized state, preventing cell division. Side effects associated with Docetaxel are myelosupression, peripheral neuropathy, cardiac conduction defects with arrhythmias, alopecia, muscle pain, nausea and vomiting . Patients currently on Docetaxel are also susceptible to leg oedema and hypersensitivity reactions, which can be ameliorated by taking Dexamethasone orally.1,6,12 Antimetabolites like Capecitabine is a rationally designed tumour-activated and tumour-selective fluoropyrimidine carbamate thatis metabolized to generate 5-fluorouracil at the tumour site which would then be converted to fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FDUMP), a fraudulent nucleotide and interact and inhibit thymidilate synthetase,preventing the synthesis of 2-deoxythymidilate (DTMP),which is vital for DNA synthesis.17Capecitabine has a role in second-line or third-line treatment of chemotherapy for patients of locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer either in combination with Docetaxel or given orally alone at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for a forthnight and subsequent courses are repeated after a 7-day interval. Vinorelbine is a semi-synthetic analogue of vinblastine, a vinca alkaloid derived from Madagascar periwinkle. Unlike taxanes, it is targeted at tubulin of mitotic microtubules to form tubulin dimers which prevents spindle formation in dividing cells leading to mitotic arrest at metaphase resulting in cell death. 6 Besides inhibiting mitosis, its effects are also significant in inhibiting leucocyte phagocytosis, chemotaxis and axonal transport in neurons. Hence, side effects includes neutropenia which was found to be the dose-limiting, peripheral or autonomic neuropathy which manifests as peripheral paraestesia, loss of deep tendon reflexes and motor weakness,constipation and abdominal pain. Neurotoxicity caused by Vinorelbine is considered relatively mild compared to other vinca alkaloids even at maximum tolerated dose as it preferentially binds to mitotic over axonal microtubules. 6,12 Vinorelbine is an option to anthracycline or taxane pre-treated patients with advanced breast canc er as second-line or third-line chemotherapy given via intravenous administration at a dose of 30mg/m2 in 250 ml of normal saline over 1 hour. Alternatively, Vinorelbine can be given orally at a dose of 60 mg/m2 for 3 weeks and can be increased if the patient shows good tolerance to the regime to maximum dose of 160 mg once weekly. A clinical response rates of 16-60% was seen with Vinorelbine as a single agent, 28-77% in combination chemotherapy.5, 16 A study comparing Vinorelbine in intravenous(i.v.) form used in combination with Capecitabine given orally and a combination therapy of Vinorelbine and Capecitabine both in oral formulations was done to observe the efficacy of both combinations in anthracycline and taxane pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer. Despite showing a marginally higher percentage in control of the disease in the oral group,improved survival rates and lower incidence of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were associated with the i.v. group.17 This study has also shown that a combination of Vinorelbine with Capecitabine therapy may confer advantages as both have unique mechanisms of action, different proposed mechanism of drug resistance and relatively non-overlapping toxicity profiles. However, this combination has yet to be recommended by the NICE or SIGN guidelines as it has yet to be proven to be cost-effective. The recommendation for systemic chemotherapy by NICE is done following a cost-utility analysis which compares chemotherapy regiments in terms of survival, quality of life and associated costs of 17 different strategies drawn up. From the table below, strategies that gives the best survival rates and quality of life are combinations 3,4,13 and 15.However,combinations 3 and 4 that offer Gemcitabine and Docetaxel as the first line are somewhat more costly by approximately  £ 10 000 in total costs compared to combinations 13 and 15.It is also proven here that offering Docetaxel as a first-line drug is also superior to Paclitaxel as survival rates and quality of life are slightly poorer in combinations 8 and 10. 5 Biological Therapy New agents to specifically target molecular processes have been developed over the last decade like Tratuzumab, Bevacizumab and Lapatinib which are all used to treat advanced breast cancer. Tratuzumab, the sole drug of its kind recommended by NICE for use in the UK, is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody which binds to Human Epidermal Growth Factor (HER2) on the cancer cells with HER2 over expression and impedes the growth. Hence, HER2 status should be assessed before commencing this therapy as only a quarter of patients with advanced breast cancer have HER2 positive tumours. Tratuzumab is given intravenously in combination with Paclitaxel, Docetaxel or Vinorelbin has been well tolerated. 5,11However, once disease progression occur outside the central nervous system, Tratuzumab should be discontinued. Bevacizumab is another monoclonal antibody aimed at affecting the growth of tumour blood vessels and Lapatinib affects the metabolic pathways of the HER2 and Epidemal Growth Fac tor Receptor (EGFR). 5,23. Surgery Surgical intervention comprises of conservation surgery which involves the removal of the tumour with a rim of surrounding breast tissue with retention of the breast followed by radiation therapy and mastectomy which is usually followed by breast reconstruction. However, these surgical procedures are limited to patients diagnosed with primary operable breast cancer or as palliative surgery for locally advanced breast cancer as they may not confer much benefits to patients diagnosed with later stages of breast cancer.1,11,19 Some patients may have already underwent surgery which was not very successful in eliminating the disease.1 Treatment Recommendation Hormonal therapies are the recommended first-line therapy for patients with an ER positive tumour, are widely used and are said to be appropriate for 70 % of patients who have hormone receptor -positive advance breast cancer. However, in circumstances whereby the disease is life-threatening or the patient has an ER negative tumour, the hormonal therapy would be of no benefit to these patients. At the time of initial diagnosis, the oestrogen receptor (ER) was accessed and the results came out positive before considering commencing on endocrine therapy. Several factors like previous endocrine therapy including adjuvant therapy, the extent and period of response to the therapy and menopausal status have to be taken into account before prescribing hormonal therapy. 5The patient is 62 years of age and is considered to be post-menopausal, hence would benefit tremendously when given aromatase inhibitors(AI),regardless of whether she is tamoxifen naÃÆ' ¯ve. A choice of non-steroidal AIs o f either Anastrozole 1 mg daily or Letrozole 2.5 daily could be given orally. However, if she has a prior history of non-steroidal AIs and she failed to respond well to it, she should be given either Exemestane 25 mg orally or Fulvestrant 250 mg via intramuscular injection into the gluteal muscle every 4 weeks.5,12 Chemotherapy would be the second choice of treatment following failure to respond to hormonal therapy. If anthracyclines are not contraindicated for this patient, Epirubicin would be a good choice. Initial doses of 75 mg/m 2 of Epirubicin could be given intravenously every three weeks.20The addition of Docetaxel 75 mg/m2in combination with Epirubicin 90 mg/m2 both by intravenous infusions could be given should Epirubicin monotherapy fails. Docetaxel monotherapy could also be given as an intravenous infusion at a dose of100 mg/m2 as a 1-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks should anthracyclines be contraindicatedas first-line chemotherapy. Vinorelbine monotherapy could be given intravenously at a dose of 30 mg/m2 for days 1 and 8 of a cycle or whereares Capecitabine monotherapy could be given orally at a dose 1250 mg/m2 twice daily for two weeks. If the patient fails to respond to the entire treatment, the last resort would be to offer support and palliative care to this patient. Pain Management Pain is usually associated with progression of cancer with three quarters of patients with advanced cancer reporting pain during treatment. The principles for treating pain in cancer patients are outlined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) analgesic ladder: Patients are the prime assessor of pain and should have treatment outcomes monitored regularly using visual analogue scales, numerical rating scales. Patients usually start with non-opioids and then progress stepwise to step 2 and step 3. However, critics have debated that the progression to step 2 analgesics was obsolete as inadequate pain control was an issue despite having to endure similar adverse effects when given step 3 analgesics and recommended a immediate step up to step 3. Most patients with advanced breast cancer will be on step 3 for pain control. Oral morphine with an initial dose of 5-20 mg every four hourly, adjusted according to patients response, would be the first-line therapy to treat severe pain in cancer before switching to a modified release preparation once the patient is stabilized on it. Breakthrough pain should be managed while on a modified release preparation by prescribing oral morphine at 1/6th of the total daily dose to be taken when necessary. The use of adjuvants such as antidepressants like Venlafaxine and anticonvulsants like Gaba-pentin are recommended for neuropathic pain. 18 Managing Complications Complications that may arise from treating patients with advance breast cancer includes lymphoedema,cancer-related fatigue,uncontrolled local disease,bone metastases and brain metastases. Lymphoedema may occur due to damage to lymph nodes and vessels following surgery and radiotherapy or as a sign of loco-regional disease progression. This condition can be managed through manual lymphatic drainage, multi-layer lymphoedema bandaging,goos skin care and remedial exercise. Cancer-related fatigue may be well managed by identifying the factors causing lethargy which may be a host of psychological, nutritional and cognitive factors apart from the cancer itself and them treating them accordingly. Patients may also develop local disease characterized by ulceration on the chest wall and axilla, fungating tumours that may bleed and exude discharge, causing pain and giving off repulsive odours. Hence, good wound management should be adopted in relation to preventing dire consequences when wounds are left unattended. Out of the three categories, cancer with distant metastases is the hardest to treat and is considered an incurable disease with palliative care being the sole priority in treatment plans. A diagnosis of metastatic disease could be confirmed with the use of positron emission tomography fused with computed tomography (PET-CT) and bone scintilography.1As bone metastases may be a long-term condition, management involves prevention of skeletal events, pain control with Biphosphonates,radiotherapy and cementoplasty and treating complications such as fractures,immobility and spinal cord compression.5,18 Brain metastases may develop in multiple sites in these patients as most drugs used in chemotherapy cannot penetrate the blood brain barrier, especially in women with HER2-overexpressing tumours. Diagnosis of brain tumours ultimately mean a loss of independence, physical deterioration, communication difficulties,psychological distress and issues regarding body image.Treatment regimens includ es surgery for patients who have solitary metastasis, corticosteroids for symptomatic relief of inflammation and radiotherapy.

Did Odyssues Bring The Trouble :: essays research papers

Did Odysseus and his men bring the string of catastrophes on themselves? Yes, they did get themselves into serious trouble. With a pompous attitude, the men prolonged their journey home to Ithaca. Those who did not have Odysseus’s smarts, died because of this. When they raided the Cicones’ village, harassed Poseidon’s son, and killed the Helios’s cattle, they punished themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Odysseus and his men stormed Cicones, and reeked havoc on all that lived there, even the sheep. They killed men who fought, robbed the citizens, and enslaved the women, and slaughtered the livestock, before dividing the loot between them. But this was a fatal mistake, for the Cicones had a great and powerful army. Odysseus’s shipmates fought a hard battle, but were defeated in the end. Many of their lives were lost. “Six benches were left empty in every ship';. Their selfishness cost them friends and shipmates, and made their attempt to get home, even more difficult.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After stabbing Polyphemus in his eye and blinding him, Odysseus provoked and harassed the Cyclops, which angered him immensely. “ Cyclops, if ever mortal man inquire how you were put to shame and blinded, tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye: Laertes’ son whose home’s on Ithaca';, shouted Odysseus to the crippled Polyphemus, which was not very smart. If Odysseus had not told the Cyclops this incriminating information, he would have had a much safer journey. Polyphemus begged his father Poseidon, god of earthquake, to curse Odysseus. The Cyclops cried out to his father to prevent Odysseus from returning home, and pleaded with him to let Odysseus lose his companions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Circe and Tiresias warned Odysseus and his men that it would be disastrous if the sun god’s cattle were harmed. Odysseus urged his men, who were fatigued, to avoid the island of the sun god, Thrinacia. Instead of heeding this warning the men landed on the island, but only after Odysseus made them swear not to touch the cattle. On the island, they did not just touch the cattle, they made a meal of them. Helios, the sun god, was infuriated, and he asked for restitution from Zeus. As a punishment for their crimes, the ruler of all gods threw down a bolt of hot lighting and destroyed Odysseus’s ships.

Merchant of Venice :: Free Merchant of Venice Essays

Antonio, a Venetian merchant, complains of melancholy; his friend Bassanio asks for a loan to travel to Belmont to court the beautiful heiress, Portia. Antonio agrees, but says that he must borrow the money from one of the city's moneylenders because all of his ships are at sea. At Belmont, Portia is also melancholy because, according to the terms of her father's will, she must marry the man who chooses the casket (out of a choice of gold, silver or lead) containing her portrait. If he chooses wrongly, he is condemned to remain unmarried forever. Antonio approaches Shylock, a Jewish moneylender, to ask for a loan. Shylock hates Antonio and tricks him into promising to forfeit a pound of flesh if he cannot pay in time. Shylock's daughter Jessica elopes with the Christian gentleman Lorenzo. Bassanio, accompanied by friend Gratiano, departs for Belmont. The Prince of Morocco comes to Belmont and chooses the wrong casket; meanwhile, in Venice, rumors swirl that Antonio's ships have been lost at sea. The Prince of Arragon also chooses the wrong casket, and then Bassanio arrives at Portia's house. He and Portia fall in love, and he makes the correct choice (the lead casket), but their happiness (and that of Gratiano, who will marry Portia's lady-in-waiting, Nerissa) is interrupted by news that Antonio has lost all his money and failed to pay the debt, and Shylock is demanding his pound of flesh. In Venice, Antonio is taunted by Shylock, who refuses to listen to reason. Portia disguises herself as a man and secretly follows Bassanio to Venice. The Duke of Venice presides over the trial. When Shylock refuses to accept Bassanio's offer to repay the loan, the Duke announces that he has called on a legal expert to settle the matter. A letter arrives from the expert, saying that he has sent one of his brightest pupils to pass judgment--the pupil is Portia, who arrives dressed as a young lawyer. She reads the contract, and declares that Shylock is entitled to the flesh. The moneylender praises her, but Portia then adds that the contract says nothing about shedding blood, so Shylock must cut the flesh without making Antonio bleed or else be arrested for shedding a Christian's blood. Shylock angrily retreats and says that he will take Bassanio's money, but Portia denies him even this, declaring that he has conspired against a Venetian citizen's life and thus his own life is forfeit.

Renaissance and Nineteenth Century Architecture Essay examples -- Arch

Renaissance and Nineteenth Century Architecture There are many different styles of architecture. All these styles depend on the time period, and the architecture. Today, many architects incorporate many styles into one building, giving it uniqueness. Introduction The dictionary defines architecture as the "art and science of designing and erecting buildings" (dictionary.com). Since the beginning of civilization, architects have been designing structures and buildings. They are sometimes conventional, and at other times, they are not. There are many different styles of architecture. All these styles depend on the time period, and the architecture. Today, many architects incorporate many styles into one building, giving it uniqueness. Two of the styles of architecture are Renaissance and Nineteenth Century: iron, steel and glass architecture. Renaissance Architecture The Renaissance period followed the Gothic period. It covered everything from painting to buildings to sculptures. Renaissance architecture is evident within many structures, even today. It began in 15th century, and lasted till the 16th century. This form was not considered practical, but it was quite artistic. Arcs and columns were taken from the Roman period, and artistically integrated into their designs. Some of the building, practically churches, had domes. All over the world, architects incorporated this form into their designs, from Italy to Spain; although the styles differed. Some famous ar...

So I Was Having This Conversation

It is unavoidable. It is there in every prospect Of life. How can you expect a person to remain the same forever? Are you the same person you were last year? No! This second is different from the previous one. Change it is such a dangerously beautiful word. A word that is welcome and unwelcome at the same time. We eagerly wait for summer to change into winter but we cannot bear the thought of our friends changing their style of speaking or music etc. I love change. It keeps a person unique and fresh. I think people should accept change.There is no old you or new you it is you in a different aspect. I think people dot like change because t interrupts with the stability of life. If suddenly you were to come home and find your mom dancing instead of preparing your lunch you would question her sanity – â€Å"mom what are you doing? † But why can't we accept that she too needs a break? I think people who can accept change are the most brave and most open-minded people. Peopl e who swore to me that they would always be here left me saying – â€Å"you've changed. But I found people who accept me change or no change. â€Å"l am like the scorching heat that changes into the piercing cold which I turn change into the pitter patter of falling raindrops. I am like the flower that changes from a bud into a flower a caterpillar into a butterfly. I am like the snake that shed its skin and grows every year.

The Call For Rehabilitation Health And Social Care Essay

This paper will turn to issues that call for rehabilitation. The issues include ; Drug maltreatment, street households, political instability, sexual issues, societal relationships fiscal issues, Death, Crime, old age, National calamities terminal unwellness and accident. We will further discourse the causes, effects and give necessary redresss.2.0 ISSUES THAT ARISE IN REHABILITATION2.1 Drug abuse/ substance maltreatment drugs are substances whether in signifier of drink, nutrient, medical specialty, fume, injection pulverization or exhausts which when taken into the organic structure through the oral cavity, nose or clamber, upset the biochemical system ( working ) of the organic structure and particularly the nervous system. Examples of normally abused drugs include stimulations, Sedatives, Hallucinogens inhalants, steroids and narcotics. Stimulations are drugs that affect the nervous system and distribute up the operation of the encephalon. These are drugs like miraa, bhang and cocaine, the stimulating consequence make the user experience good and alarm? Sedatives are drugs that act on the cardinal nervous system. They are used as depressants. They cut down tenseness and hearten up the user. Example of sedatives includes intoxicant, opium ( bhang ) and heroine. Hallucinogens are drugs which cause hallucinations that is hearing or seeking something that does non be. Example of this drugs is Marijuana. Inhalants are drugs inhaled by users for illustration gum, methylbenzene, gasoline, butane and snuff. Narcotics are drugs that affect temper or behavior for illustration heroine, cocaine and morphia. Peoples who are addicted to utilize of these drugs may demo the undermentioned marks ; aggression, anxiousness, depression deficiency of coordination and concentration, increased blood force per unit area and bosom rate, deficiency of appetite restlessness, loss of memory and damage in larning. Low self- regard and Loss of assurance, musculus hurting and tummy spasms.2.2 Street householdsStreet households are yet another issue which arises in rehabilitation. The province of stateless kids particularly in urban subsiding is high. This is because of dislocation in household support systems and difficult economic state of affairss. Street kids in Kenya are referred to as â€Å" Chokora ‘ . They live in little groups and are ever whiffing gum, and frequently perceived as unsafe. Due to miss of attention and counsel, some of them grow to go difficult nucleus felons, drugs pedlars and hire for slaying ‘ packs. They are hopeless and this has a negative impact on a kid ‘s physical, educational and emotional development. The kid ‘s life lacks continuity, privateness, consistence cleanliness, permanence and belonging. This finally consequences in unacceptable behaviors such as moving low, combat, restlessness, depression and low defeat tolerance. Most street kids are normally ill-fed and may demo delayed development and physical jobs. They are likely to endure from anxiousness, may be abused physically or psychologically such kids do non travel to school and when they do, they are normally marginalized by fellow pupils and instructors due to their idiosyncrasies therefore need for rehabilitation.2.3 Political instabilityThis refers to state of affairss that arise as a consequence of discord between different categories of persons in society. This besides consequences from inappropriate political policies, clime alteration, nutrient deficit, population detonation every bit good as inordinate dependence on external trade. Political instability can ensue from a famine state of affairs. This arises from drouth or devastation of harvests by disease and animate beings which will ensue to people endeavoring for the barely available 1s therefore political instability. Tribalism and nepotism. This refers to a state of affairs where a individual uses influence or place to prefer people from his folk or kin in public place. This leads to discontentment that causes discord. It can besides originate from unjust allotment of national resources. Corruptness and misdemeanor of human rights. This is experienced when persons get involved in peculation, greed for power unemployment. Greediness for power particularly causes civil discord.2.4 Sexual Related issuesThe sexual related issues come in different signifiers. They include ; Sexual torment. This consequences from single who molest particularly misss or female gender sexually. Incest: This is a instance of relations acquiring involved in sexual intercourse which may originate from sexual mental instability or even usage of drugs. Sexual add-on that consequences from either moral eroding or influence of drugs that arouse one ‘s emotional and physical strengths towards sex.2.5 Terminal unwellness.Terminal unwellness may come in different ways. These will include malignant neoplastic disease, bosom and kidney jobs, HIV/Aids, physical damage. These consequences from the undermentioned facets. Inheritance: the familial factors may do such diseases as blood malignant neoplastic disease. They may do lasting cicatrixs in persons may necessitate guidance. Accident: these may besides do lameness an person will hold to populate with. Deformity of the organic structure or even being a beginning of a bodily disease people requires encouragement in such incidences.Domestic force and physical maltreatment.The cause of force are on the rise whether domestic or group. Peoples have been affected emotionally due to this. Domestic workers are the major victims which are widening to adult females and kids. Such victims require that they get involved in rehabilitation to minimise the effects originating from them.2.6 Condemnable instancesThis is a by and large agreeable aberrant behavior in society. They range from burglary, carjacking. They are caused by the undermentioned factors ; Deprived vicinity. Economically destitute vicinity may engender condemnable heads. They seem to envy and seek to steal in order to have. Peer group influence: This normally consequences from persons who have been involved in offenses enticing their closest brothers. Lack of religion in an person ‘s abilities and believing plenty in one ‘s internal arm. These include logic and ground. Lack of love. This consequences from persons raised in dysfunctional households, disadvantaged background, a feeling of favoritism. A combination of all these impel an person to affect in offense. Lack of parental control, supervising and monitoring. Parents who do non supervise the tendency and behavior of their kids and up in condemnable universe. Poverty: society has indoctrinated us to believe in the position of wealth as a step of success. Lack of it or as people want more and more can take to offense when acquiring them is difficult therefore a short cut of stealing is the best. Poor judgement: deficiency of proper instruction and great existent theoretical accounts leads to persons non cognizing the right from incorrect largely, offenses do non look to make anything incorrect from their point of position but it is right.2.7 Financial related issues.Finance normally contributes to success of persons in life. Lack of it can besides do serious effects. Financial issues may lift from ; Loss of a occupation. When an single loses a occupation and if it is the lone beginning of income leads to a serious favoritism in life. This calls for rehabilitation guidance. Collapse of concern: this can besides be beginning of defeat in life particularly if it is the lone beginning of income. Unemployment. Many alumnuss leave with high expectancies of geting a occupation instantly. If it is non realized, it has serious reverse in life. This calls for the rehabilitation. Embezzlement. This can originate from overspending money particularly when it is at that place non retrieving that tomorrow it at that place. When it misses it through persons into entire confusions. Health measures: persons with really immense medical measures end up disbursement to the last penny of it go forthing nil at manus. If by bad deficiency persons ( the sick ) base on balls on, foliages on them non merely the decease cicatrix but besides earnestly strained in fundss.2.8 DeathThe incident of this nature can convey out sorrowful incidences in the household of believed 1s. This will accordingly name for rehabilitation guidance. Death is caused by the undermentioned facets ‘Illness: persons can be sick which eventually causes decease.Accidents: when people are involved in an accident they will either be injured or decease immediately or thenceforth. It may be route accident, accidents that involve machines. Drug maltreatment: the substance maltreatment may besides do decease. This means the overdose of drugs. The nuts besides portion centers for shooting drugs such as cocaine into the blood system. Some are infected with HIV/AIDS which may be transmitted. Due to hapless or even distressing conditions that this people live under they so die. Death can besides be caused by homicides, race murders or self-destructions.2.9 Natural catastrophesThese are events that occur and are beyond human control. They include drought, temblors, epidemics, inundations storms. They normally leave behind a batch of desolations. Peoples die, belongingss are destroyed or even paralysing the economic system. In the event that they occur, so single victims require to be rehabilitated in order to get by with world.2.10 Ages:Persons who have advanced in age may be given to experience so bare and abandoned. Some complication may attach to age such as ocular and hearing damages. This may necessitate to be addressed and the lone manner they can be made is through rehabilitation guidance.EFFECTS EMERGING FROM THE ABOVE ISSUESEmerging from the above would be several effects. They include ; Mental unwellness: The unwellness can originate from substance maltreatment that may be irriversable. This is why it calls for rehabilitation. The street households will besides impart to petty offenses in the streets where they dwell. They to a really big extent involve in this as a manner of gaining their life. They besides dirtily the streets. Political instability lead: to internally displaced persons. It besides mains and wounds others. They besides lend to belongings devastation. Accidents that lead to decease besides end up traumatising others. They may besides do lefty measures of medical related. Natural catastrophes besides cause devastations, supplanting of people. They may besides take to diseases such as the H2O – borne diseases as cholera Drug maltreatment besides may take to socially dysfunctional societies. Wayward kids, pervert and kids w Ho are morally decayed. A coevals of hopelessness and desperation. Sexual related instances besides cause injury to the colza victims. They feel affected in the actions and the cicatrix is about lasting.REMEDIES TO THE ISSUESThe above mentioned issues necessitate to be tackled so as to control them in society. The following are the proposed redresss for issues ; In the instance of political instability there is demand for transmutation aims including ego sufficiency in nutrient production, poorness decrease, and sustainable growing in all sectors. It besides requires authorising of people through the basic entree to basic production particularly the land, capital, and creative activity of employment chances for the young person. There should be a form of wealth distribution to all topographic points. Guidance and guidance besides should be at the Centre for the above. The instances that are already at the extreme and require that they need to be rehabilitated to convey them back to usually. Some catastrophes which are related by adult male such as the environmental debasement demand to be addressed and environmental preservation. This will keep cut down facets such as drouth so controling dearth. The rehabilitation centres to be established through out the state. This will assist reconstruct persons who have be en affected and are beyond counsel and reding degree. They need to be good equipped with the installations and forces who are good trained to assist the victims stabilize socially emotionally, physically and even spiritually. Capacity edifice is another facet to be enhanced. This will assist make consciousness in the society as whole on the ways of forestalling the issues such as substance maltreatment, sexual related 1s every bit good as the accommodation of persons to occupation loss, retirement, convulsion unwellness every bit good as promotion in age. It will besides affect esthesis of persons on how to cover with them merely in instance they arise. Capacity edifice will besides assist persons to cognize the nature of side effects when for case people abuse the substance or drugs. Legislation. The Torahs sing the wrongdoers need to be more rigorous in order to populate people from acquiring involved in such instances as the drug cyberspace mob where they sell them to the young persons in the metropoliss, small towns and larning establishments. It will besides assist to control junior-grade offenses in the society if good utilised. Authorization. All people should be empowered through wealth creative activity methodological analysiss. The young person should be initiated into authorization chances which will prosecute them in order to avoid their engagement of either in the junior-grade offenses or 500 carpet maltreatment. This will besides do them see ground in development instead than devastation. Environmental issues that end up doing instances such as drouth ensuing to famine ought to be addressed through environmental preservation. Peoples should be sharply be involved in the procedure of tree planting, waste direction in the instance of towns every bit good as the saving of the natural wood. Dearth can besides be utilized with good established presentation schemes. This will assist minimise the hungriness related issues The early heating system centres ought to be established in instances where people get involved in amusing or unusual inclinations of drug maltreatment, offense every bit good as political instability. Such centres besides prepare persons merely encase at that place occurs such as those of the natural catastrophes.

Jessica’s Silence Within the Merchant of Venice

Jessica’s Silence Within Shakespeare’s tragic comedy, The Merchant of Venice, one is exposed to yet another one of his works that has an intensely packed storyline full of different characters with their own complex subplots that contribute to the main plot. One of the main characters, Jessica, is daughter of Shylock, who is a wealthy Jewish moneylender in Venice. Shylock is characterized as a villainous type of character within the play, partly because of being a Jew and partly because of his rude and mean exterior.Within the subplot of Jessica and Shylock’s relationship, it is clearly visable by Shylock’s treatment of his daughter that she has become resentful of not only being his daughter, but also of being a Jew. When Jessica decides to rob her father of quite a bit of his money and property through an arranged setup with Lorenzo, the man she plans to elope after the robbery, she takes not only many things worth a great value, but also the ring that h er father had bought her mother.When Shylock learns of his daughter not only deserting him and robbing him, but taking such invaluable and prized possession as the ring, he is utterly heartbroken. After trading the ring for a monkey and marrying Lorenzo, Jessica is faced with a deep moral guilt in Act 5, Scene 1 when exposed to how Portia feels after tricking Bassiano to give the ring away while she was disguised. In Act 5, Scene 1, Jessica is completely silent after Portia and the others enter and they begin to discuss all of the disguise and trickery that had happened.When the men are told that Portia and Nerissa were in disguise and tricked the men of their rings, rings that the men had swore to keep for eternity, Jessica is exposed to how much love and emotion was attached to those rings. One would think that it must have been a shameful kick in the stomach to see past the fog that her love for Lorenzo has caused and realize that the hurt that these women are experiencing is the same pain that her father must have felt when realizing that Jessica, his only flesh and blood, the only person he could possibly love in this world, took one of his most sentimental treasures and traded it for a damn monkey.

Indroduction and dramatization Essay

At first, she spoke hurtful words directed at Elizabeth, however the power to condemn her of witchcraft dawned on her later, which took effect towards the conclusion of the play. She faked experiencing demonic presences, blamed it on Elizabeth, and acquired her desired outcome – the imprisonment of Elizabeth. This ties in with the theme of guilt too, as revenge was a result of the affair. Rebecca Nurse’s involvement in the case portrayed a further key element of this play; she displayed others’ loss of innocence, â€Å"It’s strange how I knew you, but I suppose you look as such a good soul should. We have all heard of your great charities in Beverley. † [Page 30 Reverend John Hale] We know immediately that Hale highly esteems her; she is trustworthy and possibly the finest character in the play to unravel this mystery. When she came in contact with Betty, she instantaneously soothed her and she could establish the girls silliness, during the bogus ‘devil’s presence’ charade in Act 1. Due to this charade, Salem could not resist hysteria or accusations, hence the harrowing finish to the innocent people of Salem. Even the most righteous of characters were noosed and left to swing – this showed the extent to how matters got out of hand. Miller stages loss of innocence most significantly during the girls ‘devil’s presence’ charade. â€Å"Stop it,† cries Mary as the girls constant echoing of Mary’s words enraged her. This raised suspicion in the court, where Deputy-Governor Danforth seemed convinced. On top of this, Abigail pretended to be attacked by a ‘yellow bird’ while ‘pleading’ with Mary Warren to stop. Arthur Miller intended to develop tension in this part of the act by exchanging the dialogue quickly and concisely, â€Å"I’m not hurting her†¦ She sees nothin’! She see’s nothing† [Mary Warren page 93] and â€Å"They’re sporting. They -! [Mary Warren], They’re sporting [Girls page 93]†¦ Abby stop it! [Mary Warren], (stamping their feet) Abby, stop it! † [Girls]. If neither of the other topics were a catalyst to the uprising of this insane and barbaric event, then Reverend John Hale’s persistent dangerous implications to a zealous witch-hunt, tightened the knot, â€Å"When the Devil come to you does he ever come-with another person? (She stares him into his face. ) Perhaps another person in the village? Someone you know? † [Page 37 Reverend John Hale] Hale’s questions prompted false confessions from Tituba and Giles Corey; both characters were able to save themselves and allow another character to take the blame. In the end, Corey’s wife was imprisoned due to this method of interrogation, so Hale pulled out of the proceedings as he distrusted the witnesses condemning her to an ill-fated destiny. The beginning of many dangerous implications to follow only raised one question in the mind of the audience; would the influence of these ridiculed implications determine the result of this witchcraft case? Sadly, the answer was yes. Highly evident from the dialogue, ‘The Crucible’ was built up of many interesting themes, all of which are of contemporary relevance. It would be easy to fathom about the people in this world that are still affected by these struggles. We only had to see the racial abuse towards black footballers, whom monkey imitations were directed at from the fans. In the zealous witch-hunts case, witches’ unusual view upon lifestyle and faith was discriminated against, so the rituals had to be held secretively. Also in the modern era, we see cases of revenge splashed across newspaper front pages; the events of 9/11 (twin tower suicide bombing) was believed to be an act of revenge from the Afghans towards the USA, due the USA’s previous cases of hatred and abuse. I personally believe reputation was probably one of the most significant themes; most events either improved or did the opposite to a certain person’s reputation. It almost certainly is applicable today: jobs, shops, sports, music or communities portray some form of reputation, which shapes arguments for or against them. As a final thought, ‘The Crucible’ did not only display life in Salem, but displayed life as it were today; it is the humans’ version of the ‘animal kingdom’ and ‘where one stands is how one may live. ‘ Mitul Dave 10SD 1 ‘The Crucible’ English coursework Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

Case 6.11 whitewater west industries limited Study

6.11 whitewater west industries limited - Case Study Example In order to meet their demand, relatively larger area of at least 6,040 to 6,970 square meters is required. Upon the analysis of WhiteWater West Industries Limited, three production sites are investigated. Further analysis is required as to which production site needs to be acquired which must fulfill the company’s strategic objectives. Due to increase in the demand in volumes for the fiber water slides, WhiteWater West Industries Limited needs a production facility of around 6,040 to 6,970 square meters. In order to acquire that much place, three different site locations namely Hiram-Walker, Build Option and Abbotsford Site were narrowed down by the management of WhiteWater West Industries Limited. In the following paragraphs, each site will be analyzed briefly. This site is not too far from the existing production site. In nine months time, this location can be prepared for the commercial production of the fiber water slides. This site benefits that in future if expansion is required, this site can provide more area to expand the production plants and facilities. Cost totaling around $1,571,875 will be required to avail this production facility. This option requires WhiteWater West Industries Limited to build a manufacturing factory, which is perfect in every sense. However, in order to find such site which is so perfect, is a hectic matter which could cause substantial time of around one year and a total cost of $,4464,425. This site has its own benefit of being near Vancouver, Seattle and Portland markets, so the customers from those areas can be catered easily if this site is selected. However, some drawbacks also pertain to this site such that hardships in mobilizing the labor from the existing place to this place. For those workers who do not want to work on this place, need other financial assistance causing more cost to WhiteWater West Industries Limited. Along with this, this site will not provide any

Learning Team Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Plan and Essay

Learning Team Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Plan and Presentation - Essay Example Hastings, an industry expert noted that â€Å"we are becoming like them in doing some originals and they are becoming more like us in creating an on-demand interface like HBO Go," which allows viewers to watch channels on the Web and on mobile and tabulate devices† (Coyle, 2012). This comment however is not without merit because close analysis in the industry shows that online video is going that way. Already, Netflix, the dominant player in the online video industry premiered its first scripted show Lilyhammer and House of Cards which was originally aired on Fox (Coyle, 2012). Hulu also premiered its own documentary show Battleground in February followed by Up to Speed which is a documentary about the ignored monuments of American cities (Coyle, 2012). Even Yahoo which was originally known as a search engine and email provider launched Electric City an animation series produced and voiced by Tom Hanks. Netflix, the industry leader is already operating under the assumption tha t TV and internet is converging with TV networks already experimenting on of going online for its shows to be seen in the internet and handheld mobile devices (Coyle, 2012). ... Branding As a brand, Hulu was previously known to be a free internet movie provider whose content were supported solely by advertisement. Its transition from free internet movie provider to paid subscription albeit first was met with resistance (Sandoval, 2009) was however overcome where Hulu is now known as one of the leading provider of internet videos. While Hulu have made decent strides in the internet video industry, its brand is not yet that established compared to its competitor Yahoo who is capitalizing on its existing audience base. Thus, it is highly recommended that Hulu should diversify and create more original content that is patently produced and owned by the company for the brand to be known among consumers. It is also recommended that the company should advertise itself more to increase the presence of the brand. Hulu’s brand presence should also not be limited in North America but extend it abroad including the rising market in Asia if it intends to go global. Positioning The online video market uses the internet as its platform which is global in reach and cost efficient. Having this reach to anywhere in the world for as long as there is an internet connection spells a different economics for industry players because of the sheer volume of its potential market. Unlike in traditional broadcast TV whose immediate reach is limited to one geographical location such as the United States, internet video can reach other countries simultaneously without having its shows or content syndicated to a third party just for the content to be shown outside the territory of its original location. At present, Hulu is limited to US customers and is not able to other regions particularly in emerging market such as Asia. This limitation is